This is the primary project management phase for any project; in this phase, the initial requirements are identified and established as follows:. The project management techniques discussed above shall structure the project and enable the project team to ensure the following:. Project management is a technique that has a wide variety of tools to assist in accomplishing tasks and executing responsibilities. Some of the most widely used techniques are:.
This is a probabilistic model that is time-driven. The critical path of the project determines the following four parameters for each activity, which are calculated using the expected time for relevant activities:.
This has been a guide to the Project Management Tools and Techniques. About SnackNation SnackNation is a healthy office snack delivery service that makes healthy snacking fun, life more productive, and workplaces awesome.
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Share via. Copy Link. Powered by Social Snap. The next best project has a business case developed and is presented to the Gate 2 review board. Upon approval this gives the funding and authority to the project manager to begin the full planning process. During this stage, project managers must apply their full project management education and skills.
The process we follow in planning a project aligns closely with the PMBoK. A project management guideline was created in MS Word to cover the various aspects in detail. It includes the following steps:. The first step is to put together the planning team. This cross-functional team consists of subject matter experts, and includes the design group, marketing, manufacturing, service, and any other group with a vested interest in the project.
Exhibit 7 shows a standard RAM, which is followed to show responsibility of each functional group to the stages in the NPD process. We also develop a project specific RAM for each design element in the project plan.
Scope definition is one of the most important parts of the planning process. Poor definition will doom a project to failure, even before the first task is started. The definition is reviewed by the team to ensure it is clear, concise and measurable.
The use of a matrix format reduces ambiguity sometimes found in narrative scope documents. This is an iterative process and is reviewed during the entire planning phase to ensure the right criteria are met for the appropriate risk and cost. Figure 8 shows a sample requirements matrix. Following the preliminary scope definition, work begins on developing the design concept, including block diagrams and sketches.
Once that is complete, the Work Breakdown Structure is developed. We currently align the major deliverables, which are at level 3 of. We have developed a MS Project template that provides our basic WBS structure and generic deliverables down to level 5.
Exhibit 9 This template contains all of our default settings to allow consistent views and reporting. This provides the starting point for our schedule creation. We flesh out the details of the WBS using a variety of methods, including offsite project planning workshops where we get the entire team together out of the office to work on the plan. We then break up into single-subject groups to focus on the key deliverables. The team uses a MS Excel template to list tasks and provide time estimates.
This is shown in figure Duration estimates are usually based on expert judgment, but the teams are beginning to use some historical data to estimate standard activities found on all projects. Standard activities include circuit board layout and fabrication time where we have good historical averages on durations of tasks.
For the majority of tasks the team still relies heavily on past experiences and the judgment of key experts. We use team review of the task estimates as a sanity check to ensure that task times are not too inflated, or underestimated. The project manager takes these Excel-based estimates and loads them into MS Project.
Sequencing is then done with the help of the team to ensure the work flow is correct. This template has all the customized views, macros, and calculations used at Harris.
Once the schedule is loaded we run several exercises to ensure that the workflow and sequencing of tasks are correct, and the duration estimates are reasonable. We also review the risks associated with key activities and deliverables. These risks are tracked either within the MS Project schedule or using an Excel spreadsheet as shown in Figure This sheet allows the team to score each risk on probability and impact; and to record mitigation plans. This is dependant upon many factors, including risk and experience of the team Weinberg, Figure 12 shows a sample scaling factor estimation tool.
Throughout the process the market requirements are considered with respect to schedule time, and trade-offs are made on scope, product costs, and project costs resources. After several iterations engineering, product line, manufacturing, and all other groups involved sign off on the accepted project plan and the full business plan is presented to management for approval to implement.
In order to ensure that the requirements of a Gate review are met, a detailed checklist has been created for each gate. This checklist identifies all the requirements for that gate. Figure 13 is an example of this matrix. It includes the specific element, who is responsible for completing the element, the requirement, and who is required to review and sign off before proceeding to the Gate meeting. This checklist facilitates the Gate review meeting and keeps it focused and on track.
Once successfully completing Gate 3, the project is ready to implement. In the current system, the core team is typically already applied to the project from the planning stage, and there is little interruption in work. The concepts developed earlier are in process of being further improved, and the project quickly moves into the development phase.
Based on what is in the plan, resources join the project team and the full work begins. One previously-encountered problem was that all the project information was loaded into MS Project, but few people had the access or the inclination to run the tool. In order to facilitate communication and align the project schedule with actual work performed, another tool was developed. This tool extracts the scheduled work for each resource for the next 30 days, and imports it to an Excel spreadsheet.
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