By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. To learn more, view our Privacy Policy. Log In Sign Up. Download Free PDF. Gordana Dodig-Crnkovic. Robert Feldt. Download PDF. A short summary of this paper. Major tech- tructures essential for the functioning of a society and its nical disasters are extremely costly but fortunately happen economy has given rise to host of ethical, social, and legal rarely.
The judgment made by an engineer about what risks issues. The ability to make sound ethical decisions is thus are acceptable is to a high degree an ethical one. This paper argues for the significance of ysis, specification, certification, maintenance and evaluation teaching professional, social and ethical issues in Software of computer systems have a significant real-world impact.
Engineering in a Swedish context and practice. Computer Society and Association for Computing Machin- ery ACM , emphasizes strongly professional issues, making it a part of a core curriculum for Computing; see [20] and Keywords its currently latest version [21].
In text. It is not, of course, an experiment con- ethics and professional conduct, economics, and the societal ducted solely in a laboratory under controlled needs. It is thus evident that professionalism and ethical concerns Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for are important parts of any successful Computing and Soft- personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are ware Engineering curriculum.
However, they are still often not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies overlooked and there is a lack of concrete advice and expe- bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, to rience reported on how to incorporate them in educational republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific practice. Following are unique features of computing In spite of the clear policy statements and guidelines, Pro- technology: fessionalism and Ethics are seldom included in Software En- Logical malleability.
Computers are logically malleable gineering undergraduate and graduate curricula. In Swe- in that they can simulate any activity that can be charac- den, several universities offer courses in Professional Ethics terized in terms of inputs, outputs, and connecting logical for students in Computing disciplines. Known examples are operations [33].
For Professional Ethics in Science and Engineering, since Related are also Copyright issues. Images, text in- During the educational and training session at ICSE cluding program code , films and music can be easily copied [6] there was an interesting discussion whether education and used without attribution to the author or out of con- and training in Ethics in Software Engineering curricula is text.
This causes the ongoing discussion about intellectual necessary, or whether this without any doubt important is- property. The ease with at home, or via public information. Present day vague identities are based on both engineering and ethical principles. There is an ongoing ethical debate about the pros and cons of anonymity. What is considered legal in one country might be forbidden in another. Openness and availability. Cyberstalking is an ex- ample mentioned in Tavani [39]. Computing is still a well-educated- younger-male-dominated field.
The related ethical questions are the power distribution, equal opportunities, equity, fairness, justice and Following the above we have in developed a course digital divide. A short overview of this course will be given the true state of affairs or a proper course of action.
The along with our experiences of its impact on students and engineer may be faced with contrary opinions from within its relevance for the industry. We will complement this ex- the firm, from the client, from other firms within the in- perience with information on PIFF, an ongoing educational dustry, or from government.
The social impor- able to make rational and well-justified decisions. Second, it can help create an environment in which ethical behavior is the norm. Third, it can serve as a guide or reminder in specific sit- uations.
Fourth, the process of developing and modifying a code of ethics can be valuable for a profession. Fifth, a code can serve as an educa- tional tool, providing a focal point for discussion in classes and professional meetings. Finally, a code can indicate to others that the profession is seriously concerned with responsible, profes- Figure 1: Contexts of Professional Ethics.
Along with Codes of Ethics, case studies are necessary, Ethics can support professionals by offering tools and meth- since the two are strongly interdependent. Without guiding ods helpful in such situations. However, new circumstances sible. The best way to use these codes is to apply them to related to the computer do raise new questions about how a variety of situations and study the results, see [25].
The con- cept of policy vacuums designated thus by Moor [33] and further discussed in [26] and [39] denotes our lack of policies 5. A good ex- To sum up, what is the point in studying Ethics for an ample is lack of adequate policies in the world where critical engineer? One thing is sure: A Professional Ethics course infrastructures essentially depend on computers [36], which is not about preaching virtue so that students will adopt is a new phenomenon.
Another example is virtual economy a certain pre-established set of beliefs. Rather, it aims to - trade with real money of objects in virtual worlds. Tavani increase the ability of students as future engineers and man- [39] concludes his article on the uniqueness debate stating agers to first recognize and then responsibly confront moral that the Computer Ethics issues are not only philosophi- issues raised by technological activity.
The goal is to develop cally interesting and unique but are exceptionally and in- moral autonomy, i. In sum, we learn Ethics in order to: 4. How can we work to ensure that computing and software technology advances human values? An essential characteristic of a profession is actual or realistic cases therefore the need for its members to conform to its code of ethics.
See references [2, 3, 19, 23, 24, 25, 37, 40] to ethical codes of societies of professional The above topics are not typically addressed outside the engineers and scientists. As but the topics and the general ethical standards they artic- pointed out previously, a discussion of general ethical ques- ulate are similar.
The study must be field-specific and based on professional. Engineers or doctors, or clergy, etc. The course is interest of both philosophy and engineering communities for a combined undergraduate and PhD level course. The dif- ethical issues related to Computing and Software Engineer- ference between the levels was in the final paper which for ing. One of the important aspects The course was inspired in its structure general introduc- addressed in CAP course is Ethics, [31]. It forms a framework in which professional and ethical issues can be 7.
Within the framework of the educational development project The topics include, among others, the social context of a PIFF [5] for support of Software Engineering diploma work, profession and conflicts between loyalties to different princi- running at three Swedish universities one of the aspects ples safety and economy, precautionary principle and envi- that are included concern Software Engineering Ethics [32].
Fun- Swedish Master Thesis projects are typically capstone projects damental moral theories are presented as the introductory carried out by students individually or in groups of two at part of the course. Students have participated actively and Lund University. The main aim is to increase the value in discussions, case studies and research on chosen topics. The examina- versities and research groups who help the students or judge tion forms for the course were the writing of a research pa- the results.
The concrete goal is to develop resources that per on an ethical topic of interest and an oral presentation can support the formulation, execution and quality grad- of a chosen topic such as safety and security, intellectual ing of master thesis projects. These resources are typically property, environmental ethics, privacy etc. Course evaluation results are given at In the initial phases of the project we have studied how [32] and show that students experienced the course as useful different stakeholders from academia and industry view the and relevant for their future professional activities.
Parts of Master thesis [18]. The results were that the different stake- the course and specific lectures have also been included in holders have very different views and thus need different other courses and programmes at the university. The paper also outlined a support several Master Thesis works at the Department of Com- framework to give this role-specific support. We have also puter Science and Engineering have been dedicated to ethi- investigated if current master thesis courses and support ma- cal problems such as privacy, surveillance and safety critical terial help the students develop generic skills useful for their software; see [17, 4, 35].
Moreover, two of the industrial PhD future professional activities [14]. Results showed that a ma- students, inspired by the Professional Ethics course have in- jority of students thought it important for their future ca- cluded specific chapters on ethical aspects in their PhD [27] reers to develop generic skills, such as critical thinking which and Licentiate Theses [28]. They have related the technolog- is reasoning based on value systems and ability of making ical issues such as product integration and component-based proper judgment - typical of ethical discourse.
In the following we describe these based on was taken from official lists developed within the in more detail. Bologna program of the European Union, they did not ex- plicitly consider ethical issues. Based on the results from these earlier phases the PIFF 8. One is a set of We apply the integrative approach of Burkholder et al in rubrics to support the judgment of quality of different phases the PIFF project, making ethical deliberation part of the of a Master thesis project.
The rubrics cover the proposal Software Engineering Master Thesis work [6]. During the for a thesis, the process of conducting the thesis project, the thesis work, a student will meet a number of professional thesis report itself, as well as the oral presentation of the ethical questions and especially in thesis work with empirical work.
Each of these four rubrics state quality criteria and research such as surveys, case studies, field studies, metrics different levels of quality for each criterion. The portal contains ethics of the research itself. This is considered very important by industrial the- to support the student in this aspect of her thesis work. For the student work ethics snippet for the student. These videos are important since the PIFF snippet describes that the student will need to not all Master thesis courses have specific lecture elements exhibit: character such as integrity, dependability, respon- or room in the schedule for covering all aspects in the class; sibility etc.
This is surprising tural and other diversity, harassment issues etc. Super- since the importance of ethical concerns can be expected visors are encouraged to include a discussion about these to be more evident in practical projects closer to reality. This should be all the more natural tion skills. A selection of relevant quality crtieria project. We have thus developed specific support for ethical are shown in Table 2.
With only a in a way that have meeting and dead- time both to meet- few exceptions stu- hampered the pro- lines. Advisor have ings and in sending dent s have been on cess. The advisor not been able to deliverables. Balance Project A well-balanced A balanced collab- A collaboration An imbalanced col- collaboration where oration where both where both students laboration where one both students have students have a have contributed student have con- a good grasp of all grasp of the whole equally to the work tributed more than parts of the work.
Stronger they have focused worked more inde- students name: X on sligthly different pendetly on different parts. Ethical issues Thesis Ethical issues anal- Ethical issues ad- Ethical isssues only Ethical issues not ysed and discussed in dressed in research partly addressed in considered at all. Implementing decision support technologies in a real commercial tourism destination portal is challenging.
First of all, the peculiar problems related to the tourism domain, which have been studied in the recent years in First of all, the peculiar problems related to the tourism domain, which have been studied in the recent years in eCommerce and tourism research, must be considered. But, to provide an effective and useful tool, one must tackle additional requirements arising from the technical and operational environment, which influence not only the software development and architectural issues, but also methodological aspects.
The requirements elicitation is essential to the success of software development projects. Many papers have been written that promulgate specific elicitation methods.
However, none have yet modeled elicitation in a way that makes clear However, none have yet modeled elicitation in a way that makes clear the critical role played by situational knowledge. This paper presents a unified model of the requirements elicitation process that emphasizes the applying the concepts of patterns. Obbink and K. Pohl Eds. A Knowledge-Based Perspective for Preparing the Transition to a Software Product Line Approach Pattern object-oriented architecture for Multirate Integration Methods.
On the whole, scientific software community has focused in developing faster algorithms, setting aside flexibility, reuse, maintainability and scalability.
The common approach used to develop software is the functional decomposition The common approach used to develop software is the functional decomposition. However, the development of new applications is currently more complex than the former software development.
In this work, we present a pattern object oriented architecture POO to approximate solutions of initial value problems IVPs with different time scales. These techniques allow to easily add new numerical methods and use them to create different multirate configurations.
The availability of research platforms like the web tools of the National Center for Biotechnology Information NCBI has transformed the time-consuming task of identifying candidate genes from genetic studies to an interactive process The availability of research platforms like the web tools of the National Center for Biotechnology Information NCBI has transformed the time-consuming task of identifying candidate genes from genetic studies to an interactive process where data from a variety of sources are For research into multimedia development practices to progress, the actual processes and activities performed need to be recorded and compared.
For accurate comparison, some agreed means of describing the material is needed. In other In other fields such as botany and zoology, Related Topics. Software Engineering. Follow Following. Software Architecture. Software Testing. Computer Engineering. Agile software development. Open Source Software. Computer Science. Agile Methods Software Engineering. Software Engineering education. Software Requirement Engineering.
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